Authenticate proxy with nginx

Estimated reading time: 5 minutes

This page contains information about hosting your own registry using the open source Docker Registry. For information about Docker Hub, which offers a hosted registry with additional features such as teams, organizations, web hooks, automated builds, etc, see Docker Hub.

Use-case

People already relying on a nginx proxy to authenticate their users to other services might want to leverage it and have Registry communications tunneled through the same pipeline.

Usually, that includes enterprise setups using LDAP/AD on the backend and a SSO mechanism fronting their internal http portal.

Alternatives

If you just want authentication for your registry, and are happy maintaining users access separately, you should really consider sticking with the native basic auth registry feature.

Solution

With the method presented here, you implement basic authentication for docker engines in a reverse proxy that sits in front of your registry.

While we use a simple htpasswd file as an example, any other nginx authentication backend should be fairly easy to implement once you are done with the example.

We also implement push restriction (to a limited user group) for the sake of the example. Again, you should modify this to fit your mileage.

Gotchas

While this model gives you the ability to use whatever authentication backend you want through the secondary authentication mechanism implemented inside your proxy, it also requires that you move TLS termination from the Registry to the proxy itself.

Note: Docker does not recommend binding your registry to localhost:5000 without authentication. This creates a potential loophole in your Docker Registry security. As a result, anyone who can log on to the server where your Docker Registry is running can push images without authentication.

Furthermore, introducing an extra http layer in your communication pipeline makes it more complex to deploy, maintain, and debug. Make sure the extra complexity is required.

For instance, Amazon’s Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) in HTTPS mode already sets the following client header:

X-Real-IP
X-Forwarded-For
X-Forwarded-Proto

So if you have an Nginx instance sitting behind it, remove these lines from the example config below:

proxy_set_header  Host              $http_host;   # required for docker client's sake
proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP         $remote_addr; # pass on real client's IP
proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

Otherwise Nginx resets the ELB’s values, and the requests are not routed properly. For more information, see #970.

Setting things up

Review the requirements, then follow these steps.

Create the required directories
```
mkdir -p auth data
```

Create the main nginx configuration. Paste this code block into a new file called auth/nginx.conf:

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {

  upstream docker-registry {
    server registry:5000;
  }

  ## Set a variable to help us decide if we need to add the
  ## 'Docker-Distribution-Api-Version' header.
  ## The registry always sets this header.
  ## In the case of nginx performing auth, the header is unset
  ## since nginx is auth-ing before proxying.
  map $upstream_http_docker_distribution_api_version $docker_distribution_api_version {
    '' 'registry/2.0';
  }

  server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name myregistrydomain.com;

    # SSL
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/conf.d/domain.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/conf.d/domain.key;

    # Recommendations from https://raymii.org/s/tutorials/Strong_SSL_Security_On_nginx.html
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_ciphers 'EECDH+AESGCM:EDH+AESGCM:AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH';
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;

    # disable any limits to avoid HTTP 413 for large image uploads
    client_max_body_size 0;

    # required to avoid HTTP 411: see Issue #1486 (https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/1486)
    chunked_transfer_encoding on;

    location /v2/ {
      # Do not allow connections from docker 1.5 and earlier
      # docker pre-1.6.0 did not properly set the user agent on ping, catch "Go *" user agents
      if ($http_user_agent ~ "^(docker\/1\.(3|4|5(?!\.[0-9]-dev))|Go ).*$" ) {
        return 404;
      }

      # To add basic authentication to v2 use auth_basic setting.
      auth_basic "Registry realm";
      auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/conf.d/nginx.htpasswd;

      ## If $docker_distribution_api_version is empty, the header is not added.
      ## See the map directive above where this variable is defined.
      add_header 'Docker-Distribution-Api-Version' $docker_distribution_api_version always;

      proxy_pass                          http://docker-registry;
      proxy_set_header  Host              $http_host;   # required for docker client's sake
      proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP         $remote_addr; # pass on real client's IP
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
      proxy_read_timeout                  900;
    }
  }
}

Create a password file auth/nginx.htpasswd for “testuser” and “testpassword”.
```
$ docker run --rm --entrypoint htpasswd registry:2 -Bbn testuser testpassword > auth/nginx.htpasswd
```
Note: If you do not want to use bcrypt, you can omit the -B parameter.
Copy your certificate files to the auth/ directory.
```
$ cp domain.crt auth
$ cp domain.key auth
```

Create the compose file. Paste the following YAML into a new file called docker-compose.yml.

nginx:
  # Note : Only nginx:alpine supports bcrypt.
  # If you don't need to use bcrypt, you can use a different tag.
  # Ref. https://github.com/nginxinc/docker-nginx/issues/29
  image: "nginx:alpine"
  ports:
    - 5043:443
  links:
    - registry:registry
  volumes:
    - ./auth:/etc/nginx/conf.d
    - ./auth/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro

registry:
  image: registry:2
  volumes:
    - ./data:/var/lib/registry

Starting and stopping

Now, start your stack:

docker-compose up -d

docker login -u=testuser -p=testpassword -e=root@example.ch myregistrydomain.com:5043
docker tag ubuntu myregistrydomain.com:5043/test
docker push myregistrydomain.com:5043/test
docker pull myregistrydomain.com:5043/test

registry, on-prem, images, tags, repository, distribution, nginx, proxy, authentication, TLS, recipe, advanced